HIMALAYAN ENGLISH SCHOOL GHANSALI

Class  11^th Physics

1. Use of Vernier Callipers

(i) to measure diameter of a small spherical/cylindrical body.

(ii) to measure dimensions of a given regular body of known mass and hence find its

density.

(iii) to measure internal diameter and depth of a given beaker/calorimeter and hence

find its volume.

2. Use of screw gauge

(i) to measure diameter of a given wire,

(ii) to measure thickness of a given sheet

(iii) to measure volume of an irregular lamina

3. To determine radius of curvature of a given spherical surface by a spherometer.
4. To find the weight of a given body using parallelogram law of vectors.
5. Using a simple pendulum, plot L-T and L-T2 graphs. Hence find the effective length of

second’s pendulum using appropriate graph.

6. To study the relationship between force of limiting friction and normal reaction and to

find co-efficient of friction between a block and a horizontal surface.

7. To find the downward force, along an inclined plane, acting on a roller due to

gravitational pull of the earth and study its relationship with the angle of inclination by

plotting graph between force and sin.⊘

Activities

1 . To make a paper scale of given least count, e.g. 0.2cm, 0.5cm.

2. To determine mass of a given body using a metre scale by principle of moments.
3. To plot a graph for a given set of data, with proper choice of scales and error bars.
4. To measure the force of limiting friction for rolling of a roller on a horizontal plane.
5. To study the variation in range of a jet of water with angle of projection.
6. To study the conservation of energy of a ball rolling down on inclined plane (using a

double inclined plane).

7. To study dissipation of energy of a simple pendulum by plotting a graph between

square of amplitude and time.

Class 11 Chemistry

PRACTICALS SYLLABUS

1. Basic Laboratory Techniques
2. Cutting glass tube and glass rod
3. Bending a glass tube
4. Drawing out a glass jet
5. Boring a cork
6. Characterization and purification of chemical substances
7. Determination of melting point of an organic compound
8. Determination of boiling point of an organic compound
9. Crystallization of impure sample of anyone of the

following: Alum, copper sulphate, Benzoic acid.

1. Experiments related to pH change

(a) Anyone of the following experiments:

• Determination of pH of some solutions obtained from fruit juices, varied

concentrations of acids. ,bases and salts using pH paper or universal indicator.

• Comparing the pH of solutions of strong and weak acid of same concentration.

• Study the pH change in the titration of a strong base using universal indicator.

(b) Study of pH change by common-ion effect in case of weak acids and weak bases.

1. Chemical equilibrium

One of the following experiments:

(a) Study the shift in equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions by increasing/

decreasing the concentration of either ions.

(b) Study the shift in equilibrium between [Co(H2O)6]2+ and chloride ions by changing

the concentration of either of the ions.

1. Quantitative estimation

• Using a chemical balance.

• Preparation of standard solution of oxalic acid.

• Determination of strength of a given solution of sodium hydroxide by titrating it

against standard solution of oxalic acid.

• Preparation of standard solution of sodium carbonate.

• Determination of strength of a given solution of hydrochloric acid by titrating it

against standard sodium carbonate solution.

1. Qualitative analysis

Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt

Cations– Pb2+, Cu2+, As3+ A13+ Fe3 + Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+ Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba 2 +, Mg 2 +, NH4 +

Anions– CO2

3-, S2-, SO2

3-, SO2-4, NO2 –, NO –

3, Cl–, Br–, I– , PO 3-

4, C2O2-

4, CH3COO–

(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)

Class 11 Biology

List of Experiments

1. Study and describe three locally available common flowering plants from each of the

following families (Solanaceae, Fabaceae and Liliaceae) Types of root (tap or adventitious),

stem (herbaceous/woody) leaf arrangement/shapes/venation/simple or compound).

2. Preparation and study of T.S. of dicot and monocot roots and stems (primary).
3. Study of osmosis by potato osmometer.
4. Study of plasmolysis in epidermal peels (e.g. Rhoeo leaves).
5. Study of distribution of stomata in the upper and lower surface of leaves.
6. Comparative study of the rates of transpiration in the upper and lower surface of leaves.
7. Test for the presence of sugar, starch, proteins and fats. To detect them in suitable plant

and animal materials.

8. Separate plant pigments through paper chromatography.
9. To study the rate of respiration in flower buds and germinating seeds.
10. To study effect of salivary amalyse on starch.
11. To test the presence of urea, sugar, albumin and bile salts in urine.
12. Study/observation of the following (spotting)
13. Study parts of a compound microscope.
14. Study of the specimens and identification with reasons-Bacteria, Oscillatoria, Spirogyra,

Rhizopus, Mushroom, Yeast, Liverwort, Moss, Fern, Pines, one monocotyledon and one

dicotyledon and one lichen.

3. Study of specimens and identification with reasons-Amoeba, Hydra, Liverfluke, Ascaris,

Leech, Earthworm, Prawn, Silkworm, Honeybee, Snail, Starfish, Shark, Rohu, Frog, Lizard,

Pigeon and Rabbit.

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4. Study of tissues and diversity in shapes and sizes of plant and animal cells (e.g. palisade

cells, guard cells, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem, squamous

epithelium, muscle fibres and mammalian blood smear) through temporary/permanent slides.

5. Study of mitosis in onion root tip cells and animals cells (grasshopper) from permanent

slides.

6. Study of different modifications in root, stem and leaves.
7. Study and identify different types of inflorescences.
8. Study of imbibition in seeds/raisins.
9. Observation and comments on the experimental set up on:
10. Anaerobic respiration
11. Phototropism
12. Apical bud removal
13. Suction due to transpiration
14. To study human skeleton and different types of joints.

11 . Study of external morphology of earthworm, cockroach and frog through models/ preserved

specimens.

Class 12 physics

SECTION A

Experiments

1. To determine resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph of potential

difference versus current.

2. To find resistance of a given wire using metre bridge and hence determine the

specific resistance of its material.

3. To verify the laws of combination (series/parallel) of resistances using a metre bridge.
4. To compare the emf of two given primary cells using potentiometer.
5. To determine the internal resistance of given primary cell using potentiometer.
6. To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its

figure of merit.

7. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an

ammeter and voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same.

8. To find the frequency of the a.c. mains with a sonometer.

Activities

1. To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without iron core.
2. To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a

given circuit using multimeter.

3. To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a

fuse and a power source.

4. To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.

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5. To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady current.
6. To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery,

resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not

connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

SECTION B

Experiments

1. To find the value of v for different values of u in case of a concave mirror and to find

the focal length.

2. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or

between l/ u and l/v.

3. To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.
4. To find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens.
5. To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph

between angle of incidence and angle of deviation.

6. To determine refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.
7. To find refractive index of a liquid by using (i) concave mirror, (ii) convex lens and

plane mirror.

8. To draw the I-V characteristic curve of a p-n junction in forward bias and reverse bias.
9. To draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and to determine its reverse break

down voltage.

10. To study the characteristics of a common – emitter npn or pnp transistor and to find

out the values of current and voltage gains.

Activities

1. To study effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an L.D.R.
2. To identify a diode, an LED, a transistor, and IC, a resistor and a capacitor from

mixed collection of such items.

3. Use of multimeter to (i) identify base of transistor. (ii) distinguish between npn and

pnp type transistors. (iii) see the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and

an LED.

(iv) check whether a given electronic component (e.g. diode, transistor or I C) is in

working order.

4. To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a

glass slab.

5. To observe polarization of light using two Polaroids.
6. To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit.
7. To study the nature and size of the image formed by (i) convex lens (ii) concave

mirror, on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the

candle from the lens/ mirror).

8. To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using two lenses from

the given set of lenses.

Class 12 Chemistry

Practicals Syllabus

1. Surface Chemistry.

(a) Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol.

Lyophilic sol – starch, egg albumin and gum

Lyophobic sol – aluminium hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, arsenous sulphide.

(b) Study of the role of emulsifying agents in stabilizing the emulsions of

different oils.

1. Chemical Kinetics

(a) Effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of reaction between

sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid.

(b) Study of reaction rates of any one of the following:

(i) Reaction of iodide ion with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature

using different concentration of iodide ions.

(ii) Reaction between potassium iodate, KIO3 and sodium sulphite:

(Na2SO3) using starch solution as indicator (clock reaction).

1. Thermochemistry

Any one of the following experiments

1. i) Enthalpy of dissolution of copper sulphate or potassium nitrate.
2. ii) Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid (HC1) and strong base (NaOH)

iii) Determination of enthalpy change during interaction (Hydrogen bond

formation) between acetone and chloroform

1. Electrochemistry Variation of cell potential in Zn/Zn2+||Cu2+/Cu with change in

concentration of electrolytes (CuSO4 or ZnSO4) at room temperature.

1. Chromatography
2. i) Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper

chromatography and determination of Rf values.

1. ii) Separation of constituents present in an inorganic mixture containing two

cations only (constituents having large difference in Rf values to be provided).

1. Preparation of Inorganic Compounds
2. i) Preparation of double salt of ferrous ammonium sulphate or potash alum.
3. ii) Preparation of potassium ferric oxalate.
4. Preparation of Organic Compounds

Preparation of any two of the following compounds

1. i) Acetanilide
2. ii) Di-benzal acetone

iii) p-Nitroacetanilide.

1. iv) Aniline yellow or 2 – Napthol aniline dye.
2. v) Iodoform

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1. Tests for the functional groups present in organic compounds:

Unsaturation, alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic and amino (primary)

groups.

1. Characteristic tests of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure samples and

their detection in given food stuffs.

1. Determination of concentration/molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it

against a standard solution of:

1. i) Oxalic acid,
2. ii) Ferrous ammonium sulphate

(Students will be required to prepare standard solutions by weighing themselves).

1. Qualitative analysis

• Determination of one cation and one anion in a given salt.

Cations – Pb2+, Cu2+, As3+, Al3+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+,

NH4

+

Anions – CO3

2-, S2-, SO3

2-, SO4

2-, NO2

–, NO3

–, Cl –, Br–, I–, PO4

3-; C2O4

2-, CH3COO–

(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)

PROJECT

Scientific investigations involving laboratory testing and collecting information from other

sources.

A few suggested Projects.

• Study of presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit at different stages of ripening.

• Study of quantity of casein present in different samples of milk.

• Preparation of soybean milk and its comparison with the natural milk with respect

to curd formation, effect of temperature, etc.

• Study of the effect of potassium bisulphate as food preservative under various

conditions (temperature, concentration, time etc.) :

• Study of digestion of starch by salivary amylase and, effect of pH and temperature

on it.

• Comparative study of the rate of fermentation of following materials: wheat flour,

gram flour, potato juice, carrot juice etc.

• Extraction of essential oils present in Saunf (aniseed), Ajwain (carum), Illaichi

(cardamom).

• Study of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter, sugar, turmeric powder, chilli

powder and pepper.

Note: Any investigatory project, which involves about 10 periods of work, can be chosen with

the approval of the teacher.

Class12 Biology

List of Experiments

1. Disect the given flower and display different whorls. Disect anther and ovary to show

number of chambers.

2. Study pollen germination on a slide.
3. Collect and study soil from at least two different sites and study them for texture,

moisture content, pH and water holding capacity of soil. Correlate with the kinds of

plants found in them.

4. Collect water from two different water bodies around you and study them for pH,

clarity and presence of any living organisms.

5. Study the presence of suspended particulate matter in air at the two widely different

sites.

6. Study of plant population density by quadrat method.
7. Study of plant population frequency by quadrat method.
8. Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis
9. To study the effect of the different temperatures and three different pH on the activity

of salivary amylase on starch.

Study/observation of the following (Spotting)

1. Study of flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insect)
2. Study of pollen germination on stigma through a permanent slide.
3. Study and identify stages of gamete development i.e. T.S. testis and T.S. ovary

through permanent slides. (from any mammal)

4. Study meiosis in onion bud cell or grass hopper testis through permanent slide.
5. Study of T.S. of blastula through permanent slide.
6. Study Mendelian inheritance using seeds of different colour/size of any plant.
7. Study prepared pedigree charts of genetic traits such as rolling of tongue, blood

groups, widow’s peak, colour blindness.

8. Exercise on controlled pollination-Emasculation, tagging and bagging.
9. To identify common disease causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba,

Plasmodium, Ringworm through permanent slide or specimen. Comment on

symptoms of diseases that they cause.

10. Study two plants and two animals found in xerophytic condition. Comment upon their

adaptations/morphological.

11. Study plants and animals found in aquatic conditions. Comment upon their

adaptations/ morphological.